What is active TB disease?
TB bacteria become active if the immune system can't stop them from growing. The active bacteria begin to multiply in the body and cause active TB disease. The bacteria attack the body and destroy tissue. If this occurs in the lungs, the bacteria can actually create a hole in the lung. Some people develop active TB disease soon after becoming infected, before their immune system can fight the TB bacteria. Other people may get sick later, when their immune system becomes weak for another reason.
Babies and young children often have weak immune systems. People infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, have very weak immune systems. Other people can have weak immune systems, too, especially people with any of these conditions:
* substance abuse
* diabetes mellitus
* silicosis
* cancer of the head or neck
* leukemia or Hodgkin's disease
* severe kidney disease
* low body weight
* certain medical treatments (such as corticosteroid treatment or organ transplants)
* specialized treatment for rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease
Symptoms of TB depend on where in the body the TB bacteria are growing. TB bacteria usually grow in the lungs. TB in the lungs may cause symptoms such as
* a bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer
* pain in the chest
* coughing up blood or sputum (phlegm from deep inside the lungs)
Other symptoms of active TB disease are
* weakness or fatigue
* weight loss
* no appetite
* chills
* fever
* sweating at night
The Difference Between Latent TB Infection and Active TB Disease
| A Person with Latent TB Infection | A Person with Active TB Disease |
* Has no symptoms
* Does not feel sick
* Cannot spread TB to others
* Usually has a positive skin test or QuantiFERON-TB® Gold test
* Has a normal chest x-ray and sputum test | * Has symptoms that may include:
o a bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer
o pain in the chest
o coughing up blood or sputum
o weakness or fatigue
o weight loss
o no appetite
o chills
o fever
o sweating at night
* May spread TB to others
* Usually has a positive skin test or QuantiFERON®-TB Gold test
* May have an abnormal chest x-ray, or positive sputum smear or culture |
