Located at the southwestern Johor State, the Pulai River Estuary is a biodiversity hotspot. It boasts the largest riverine mangrove forest in the Peninsular Malaysia, the most expansive seagrass meadow, and apart from seahorses, other endangered species such as dugong, Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin,and saltwater crocodile are found here.

However, since 1995, massive port development around the Pulai River Estuary had destroyed large tracts of seagrass beds. As a consequence, the Spotted seahorses, which once thrived in the Pulai River Estuary, had declined dramatically. The mangrove ecosystem is also increasingly lost due to the rapid mega project development.

To address this problem, SOS engaged in a series of outreach programs to monitor seahorse population and habitat conditions while at the same time spreading awareness as a mean to underpin  protection of this vital ecosystem.